A decade of dedicated research culminated in a promising breakthrough for Queensland’s koala population, as scientists have developed a vaccine that significantly reduces the impact of chlamydia, a disease threatening this iconic species. The University of the Sunshine Coast led the study. That’s why the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority approval of a single-dose vaccine has the potential to change the future for wild koalas.
The state government has issued an audacious challenge. Most excitingly of all, they will invest nearly $40 million over the next three years to expand Queensland’s wildlife hospitals! This critical funding will advance efforts to register and distribute the vaccine to at-risk koala populations. To be in both Queensland and New South Wales, by the close of 2026.
The Current State of Koalas
In recent years, South-east Queensland’s wild koala population has plummeted to less than 16,000. Increasing impacts from vehicle strikes, animal attacks, and habitat loss due to urban development have only further increased their downward trajectory. Dr. Julien Grosmaire, veterinarian for the PSC Wildlife health specialty, reminds us that “time is running out” to confront these threats.
“It is quite traumatic to see koalas come in when they’re so sick, and sometimes not be able to help,” – Julien Grosmaire.
Chlamydia has become especially deadly to koalas, causing sickness such as blindness and severe weight loss. Dr. Grosmaire describes the distressing conditions faced by affected koalas:
“Some koalas will come in blind from conjunctivitis, or very skinny from not being able to find food,” – Julien Grosmaire.
Professor Peter Timms, who is conducting the koala work at the University of the Sunshine Coast. Thanks to the vaccine, mortality from chlamydia in wild populations has dropped by at least 65 percent. It reduces the risk of koalas exhibiting clinical signs while in reproductive maturity.
Vaccine Efficacy and Implementation
Its single-dose format makes it extremely convenient for use in field operations. This makes it suitable for rapid one-person administration to koalas, removing the stress and danger of repetitive handling. Professor Timms highlights the need for quick and effective distribution to at-risk populations.
“We know if it is rolled out across populations, it can make a difference overall,” – Peter Timms.
As wildlife advocate and conservation photographer Ariana Doolan told us, this is a momentous step for koala conservation.
“That’s very important because with a koala, you’re not going to get a chance to capture it twice,” – Peter Timms.
Wildlife specialist Nicky Moffat expressed that funding and affordability will be key considerations in determining its success.
“It’s such a milestone for koala conservation … this is something that is going to preserve our Australian icon,” – Ariana Doolan.
Future Challenges and Considerations
Timms, the professor who noted this, supports increasing funding to move such vaccines from the laboratory to the immunization program.
“The big question now is whether it will be rolled out widely, be funded by governments … and made affordable for under-resourced wildlife hospitals,” – Nicky Moffat.
Our vaccination program continues to develop. The fate of Queensland’s koalas will rely on scientists, government agencies, and conservationists to collaborate to ensure that they are put into effect and remain sustained.
“We need help to get the vaccine from research into reality,” – Peter Timms.
As the vaccination program develops, the future of Queensland’s koalas may hinge on collaborative efforts among scientists, government bodies, and conservationists to ensure effective implementation and sustainability.
