Queensland is currently experiencing a large scale outbreak of melioidosis, an often lethal infectious disease. This year already 236 people have been stricken with it. This concerning increase in cases occurs during an extremely wet season, which has had a particularly strong effect on northern Australia. In 2025, the state counted 34 deaths associated with the disease. This shocking number would make it the deadliest year for melioidosis on record, dating back to 1981.
Melioidosis, which is caused by bacteria called Burkholderia pseudomallei, flourishes in hot and humid, wet conditions. These bacteria are commonly found in soil and water, which makes areas that are frequently flooded especially vulnerable to outbreaks. In Queensland, wet season rains that were above-average started quickly in the new year. This generated ideal conditions for bacteria to multiply quickly. North Queensland Townsville, in particular, has had its wettest ever year by May, leading to outbreaks that have helped escalate cases considerably.
Impact of Weather on Disease Spread
The rise in melioidosis cases mirrors exactly our wet season, which is usually a time that promotes higher cases of disease. Over the last few months, Queensland’s far north has experienced a record breaking resurgence of reported infections. The majority of cases have come from Cairns, where 123 patients have tested positive while there have been 86 infections reported in Townsville.
It’s a departure from the past six months, during which time case numbers have instantly shot up above the five-year average. However, despite the constant stream of cases improving their lab capacity, two patients died from melioidosis in February and March. Tragically, they all lost their battle with the disease. Though tragic, their deaths are important reminders of how serious this disease can be.
Understanding Melioidosis and Its Risks
Melioidosis can infect otherwise healthy adults and children, it is relatively rare. For those with comorbidities or compromised immune systems, it all represents a much greater danger. The disease can take on different forms such as pneumonia and bloodstream infections and is a medical emergency that requires rapid diagnosis and treatment.
Federal health officials are urging doctors and patients to be on the lookout for the infection melioidosis. This is particularly important during times of intense rain and flooding when such conditions encourage the bacteria’s reproduction. Their guidance advises residents in impacted communities to protect themselves, including by avoiding contact with contaminated soil and water.
Current Trends and Future Outlook
As Queensland works to contain this outbreak, health authorities remain vigilant and watchful on the situation. These climatic conditions along with high rates of infection set the stage for a disturbing set of impending developments. The state’s health department now makes a concerted effort to roll out targeted public health campaigns. These initiatives seek to better inform communities of the potential risk factors of melioidosis.
