Kleptomania, an impulse control disorder, is codified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It produces a greater consequence for those who can’t master it. Marked by a compulsion to steal against one’s own desires, the inner struggle of those with kleptomania can be intense. They may experience stealing as something they do spontaneously, unable to stop themselves even once their ability to pay the cost of theft is considered. Dishonoring is more than any wrongful deed. It’s connected to a multilayered emotional response which includes feeling anxious prior to the crime and undergoing a feeling of exhilaration post-crime.
The unpredictable nature of kleptomania makes it hard to efficiently study. Countless others are reluctant to step forward, worried about being criticized or even criminalized for their behavior. Though well-documented in medical literature for centuries, medical researchers continue to wrestle with what might be at the root of the condition and best treat it. Its extreme rarity makes it all the more challenging, with many just as affected by the condition as suffering in silence and stigma.
The Emotional Cycle of Kleptomania
People with kleptomania go through an intense emotional process before and after stealing. The cycle starts with a growing feeling of anxiety, which peaks during the time of theft. Victims may experience an immediate sense of euphoria or relief after the theft. Soon that sense of pride and accomplishment is replaced by crippling guilt and shame.
Her fight is an example of the paralyzing effects of the disorder. For the past three years, Lynn has learned how to keep herself out of moments when she would be most likely to steal. These similar avoidance strategies usually just make her more anxious and imprisoned.
“Almost everywhere I go right now I have to steal something, which is really disabling for me.”
The emotional toll may contribute to other mental health disorders. Dr. Sam Chamberlain notes that individuals with kleptomania frequently develop anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as other addictions such as alcohol use disorder.
“And my parents will know and I will be arrested and convicted and the anxiety starts going up from there.”
Kleptomania is part of a broader class of impulse control disorders. This category encompasses pyromania and oppositional defiant disorder (a.k.a. People with kleptomania tend to act on impulse. This differentiates them from individuals who premeditate their conduct.
“We often see that people develop anxiety and depressive disorders and other addictions such as alcohol use disorder,” Dr. Chamberlain explains.
Understanding the Impulse
This lack of motivation grounded in need sets kleptomania apart from other forms of theft. People don’t commit theft because they are desperate. Rather, they succumb to an uncontrollable impulse that can occur in ever more varied and circumstantial contexts. Dr. Chamberlain points out that this impulsivity may stem from shared brain processes across different conditions:
“Importantly, when they steal these items, it’s not because they need them and it’s not for personal or financial gain,” Dr. Chamberlain emphasizes.
The challenge lies in treating kleptomania effectively. While still a nascent area of research, a small 2009 study found that naltrexone was promising. This drug, usually prescribed to patients for treatment of addiction, could dampen the urges to steal and the stealing behavior in patients with kleptomania. Dr. Chamberlain notes that while naltrexone can be beneficial, it is not without risks:
“So probably there’s some kind of common brain processes contributing to these different conditions.”
While we acknowledge the unique challenges in researching kleptomania, continued research is needed to further understand this complex disorder. Individuals like Lynn continue to seek ways to manage their condition while living under the societal stigma attached to it. Her full story is below — her voice and her journey underscore the vital importance of awareness and compassion for those impacted by kleptomania.
“So naltrexone is often a useful choice, but obviously as with any medication there are side effects for some people … it’s not the easiest medication to prescribe.”
The Path Forward
Lynn shares her internal struggle following an impulsive act of theft:
This feeling strikes a chord with all of those who endure in silence, trying to go about their lives beneath a crushing weight of shame and terror. As research comes to fruition, society needs to allow room for frank conversations about mental health disorders such as kleptomania. Making sure that this dialogue can occur regularly, openly and free from stigma.
“After a minute already I feel so very guilty about it. And I feel like a terrible human being.”
This sentiment resonates with many who live in silence, attempting to navigate their lives amidst overwhelming guilt and fear. As research continues to evolve, it is essential for society to foster an environment where open discussion about mental health disorders like kleptomania can occur without stigma.
