A recent case highlighted the perils of this rabies-like lyssavirus. Since this infection is most easily transmitted from bats to humans, another Australian death has sounded the alarm bells. The infection is especially troubling because of its cause of death and unknown antidote. Health officials stress the need for public awareness and immediate response should potential exposure occur.
Lyssavirus is transmitted via a bite or scratch from an infected bat, or through contact with the saliva of an infected animal. A person can become infected with the virus through mucous membranes, including use by the eyes, nose, or mouth. The disease is 90% fatal within two weeks without immediate treatment. This all points to an urgent need for immediate medical intervention following suspected exposure.
Historical Context and Identification
Researchers originally isolated the Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) in 1996. This finding followed the observation of nervous clinical signs in a black flying fox around Ballina in northern New South Wales. This finding represented a breaking point in the understanding of how lyssavirus impacts bat populations and poses a threat to humans.
Trish Paterson, an expert in wildlife health, reported her dire findings on the Australian bat population. She said that as of now, fewer than 0.1 percent of these bats are infected with lyssavirus. Although this is a small percentage, the impact can be fatal.
“With any of those animals, once there are clinical signs, then it almost always ends in death.” – Dr. Alison Peel
According to Dr. Peel, bats have coevolved with lyssavirus for thousands of years. This unusual relationship means that bats can harbor the virus without experiencing acute consequences.
Transmission and Treatment Protocols
Given the transmission dynamics of lyssavirus, it is important to warn humans who are at risk of exposure to bats. Second, you can only catch the virus through certain interactions. It is very important to minimize direct contact with these animals and closely related species. If you’ve been bitten or scratched, it’s important to take steps to clean the wound. Follow the instructions to wash it with soap and water for a minimum of 15 minutes.
Dr. Peel recommends that applying an antiviral antiseptic after cleaning the wound can offer added protection before it has a chance to dry. For those exposed to lyssavirus, post-exposure treatment involves receiving a course of the rabies vaccine and possibly a dose of antibodies.
“ABLV is closely enough related to rabies that all of the preventative measures developed around the world for rabies, including vaccines and post-exposure treatment, work against ABLV,” – Dr. Alison Peel
Paterson stressed the importance of early intervention. He noted that if an individual can get treatment and still catch the virus, this is a key indicator that something isn’t working with our current protocols.
“If he received treatment and still contracted the virus, that would be a little bit concerning.” – Trish Paterson
Importance of Public Awareness
Public awareness is key to preventing these preventable infections from occurring. If you come across a bat, do not touch it. Instead, contact the Wildlife Information Rescue and Education Service (WIRES) on 1300 094 737 for help. This organization is a wonderful resource for helping distressed or injured bats.
Dr. Peel reassured the public about treatment efficacy: “You’re giving your immune system a head start rather than waiting for it to develop those antibodies.” She further made the point that most bats are likely infected with lyrssavirus. They don’t exhibit clinical signs and don’t die from the virus.
